2025 Out-of-Pocket Health Examinations

Σ(+OF/-OF)? — A Study on the Effects of Option Framing, Health Anxiety, and Information Exposure Manipulation on Information Overload and Purchase Quantity: The Case of Self-Paid Health Checkups

Dear Sir/Madam:

  This is an academic research study aiming to explore the impact of option framing, health anxiety, and the level of information exposure on information overload and purchase quantity. By analyzing different combinations, this study seeks to clarify its research motivation and offer insights for both academic and practical applications. Based on the findings, healthcare providers may apply the results to the presentation of self-paid health checkup services on their websites, enhancing advertising communication effectiveness and encouraging consumer purchasing behavior.

  The target participants of this study are individuals aged 18 and above (regardless of whether they have previously purchased self-paid health checkup services). If you are underage, you do not need to complete this questionnaire. Thank you very much.

  Your valuable opinions are essential to this research. All information collected will be used solely for academic purposes. Please feel assured while completing the questionnaire, and we sincerely appreciate your support!

  Sincerely

    Wishing you good health and all the best

Assistant Professor Yi-Ching Lee Department of Health Business Administration, Hungkuang University
With students: Yu-Ching Lin, Shu-Yu Yang, Yung-Ting Yang, Yi-An Chen, Tsai-Yun Lin, Hsiao-Wen Kao, Chiao-Hsin Lin
Contact: yiiching.lee@gmail.com
**Note:** This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Cheng Ching General Hospital on June 20, 2025. Approval Number: HP250015.